Annotated Bibliography: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/02699051003610508 Lynda M. Mainwaring, Michael Hutchison, Sean M. Bisschop, Paul Comper & Doug W. Richards (2010) Emotional response to sport concussion compared to ACL injury, Brain Injury, 24:4, 589-597, DOI: 10.3109/02699051003610508 This article tested the emotional response of athletes that had a concussion and then athletes that had an anterior cruciate ligament injury and then compared the results. The results from Mainwaring’s test reported that athletes with a concussion had lower levels of depression for a smaller amount of time than the athletes that have an ACL injury. They also compared the results from these to groups to the results from a control group. This showed that the athletes with ACL injuries only had a major change in depression, while the athletes with a concussion had a change in their total mood disturbance and in depression. The conclusion that Mainwaring made was that there should be programs that educate the emotional and mental challenges that athletes with ACL injuries go through. This article gives evidence that even though you don't suffer a literal brain injury, like a concussion, when you tear your ACl, there are a lot of psychological impacts to the athlete. The most important aspect of this article is how the acl injury is compared to a concussion because concussions are more common and more people are able to relate to them and truly understand the extremity of ACL injuries. https://europepmc.org/article/med/10442619 Morrey MA, Stuart MJ, Smith AM, Wiese-Bjornstal DM. A longitudinal examination of athletes' emotional and cognitive responses to anterior cruciate ligament injury. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine : Official Journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine. 1999 Apr;9(2):63-69. DOI: 10.1097/00042752-199904000-00004. This article is about an experiment to test the emotional response after injury and surgery for athletes that tore their acl and how it affects the physical response. They test the participants throughout their 6 months of recovery after their surgery. The data is measured by the emotional and cognitive functions and the physical recovery of the participant. The physical recovery is measured by range of motion, the level of recovery that the physician reports, and if they can return to sport. Morrey concluded that there are important times that significantly impact the mood disturbance and the recovery rate for competitive athletes. The most significant times were 2 weeks and then 2 months post operation. This article is very useful for me because I am able to relate this to my own experience and use the results to help build the timeline I am creating. Morrey also made the conclusion that athletes should learn more about this process and possibly get counselling in order to have a more positive outcome mentally and physically. If the athletes stay motivated and positive they are more likely to progress more physically. This article is also very interesting to me because it shows how the athletes mentality impacts how they are doing physically which is an important aspect to consider.
https://academic.oup.com/iwc/article-abstract/12/1/63/699042 Jenny Preece, Empathic communities: balancing emotional and factual communication, Interacting with Computers, Volume 12, Issue 1, September 1999, Pages 63–77, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-5438(98)00056-3 This article talks about how physicians try their best to help comfort patients in recovery, but they mostly just share facts about what the patient is going through. Preece researches the benefits of online medical support groups, since doctors can not give a lot of emotional support to their patients. He discusses how these groups are more helpful for patients because they are able to talk to people who are going through the same thing or are a little more further in recovery. This allows patients to ask questions about what's next and describe how they are truly feeling. This article is very useful for my project, even though this article does not directly relate to athletes that have an ACL injury. During my recovery process I found that it is helpful to talk to people going through the same recovery as me even though this experience varies for everyone. These groups or just talking to someone else that is in recovery helps the athlete reflect on their own emotions and the progress they have made as well as help other athletes in recovery. I want to relate the information in this article that discussed specific times that an athlete with an acl injury has the most emotional and physical distress and see if these groups or relationships can help athletes during those hard times.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00890.x Carson, F. and Polman, R.C.J. (2010), The facilitative nature of avoidance coping within sports injury rehabilitation. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 20: 235-240. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00890.x The focus of this study is to see how avoidance coping impacts the mentality of injured athletes in recovery. The study had participants that are all professional male rugby players that are recovering from their anterior cruciate ligament surgery. Carson looked at behavioral avoidance coping and cognitive avoidance coping. The behavioral avoidance consisted of social interactions, distractions, and maladaptive behaviors. The cognitive avoidance coping included denial, mental distractions, and negative thoughts. The results of study suggested that the avoidance coping strategies help with short term emotional states for the athletes and possibly long term benefits. This article is interesting to me because I feel like this is an unhealthy way to help your mentality after surgery. For me it was the most helpful to motivate myself and accept what has happened rather than avoiding how I really felt. I think it would be interesting to see if this is mostly for males or if this can relate to the population of recovering ACL athletes. This article is helpful because it gives me a different perspective of the mentality of athletes in recovery. https://journals.lww.com/jaaos/Fulltext/2015/05000/Return_to_Play_Following_Anterior_Cruciate.3.aspx Ellman, Michael B. MD; Sherman, Seth L. MD; Forsythe, Brian MD; LaPrade, Robert F. MD, PhD; Cole, Brian J. MD, MBA; Bach, Bernard R. Jr MD; JAAOS - Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons: May 2015 - Volume 23 - Issue 5 - p 283-296 doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-13-00183 This article talks specifically about return to play for athletes recovering from an ACL surgery. It talks about how the athletes psychological state can be the the most impactful factor for determining the return of play for athletes. The athlete has to be comfortable and confident with the strength and stability with the athletes ACLR. Multiple studies have found that the fear of reinjuring the knee is one of the biggest reasons for an athlete to fail at their return to play. The actual psychological factors when an athlete is at the return to play stage is very hard to measure because everyone will be physically capable of playing but an athlete might subconsciously or mentally not be ready. This article talks directly about what my main focus of my project talks about. I am able to relate what I have found from all of my other articles and use that information to try and make a stronger conclusion to what this article tries to prove. I will be able to explain the different mental situations an athlete goes to and give more clarity to why an athlete would feel good or bad about their return to play.
Internal Subject Matter Expert Plans: Mr. Clark
If he played sports in high school
Why did he play sports?
if he ever had an injury when he played sports in high school and how it affected him.
How does your brain block specific actions that you are physically capable of doing, but your brain won't let you.
Ms Bullard:
if she has a lot of experience working with athletes and the difference before psychology.
Have you ever played a sport
Have you ever had a major injury
What is the psychology of teens and young adults when they go through a significant change that dramatically affects a person's routine.
External Subject Matter Expert Plans: Dr. Harrison and Mr. Jeff.
The first question I am going to ask will be about which stage is the hardest on a patient's mentality.
Is it hard giving advice to athletes because everyone's experience can be different?
Is it hard to motivate athletes?
The most important question I am going to ask them is going to be my central question because